Nissan Skyline: what drive does different generations have and how to determine it

Nissan Skyline is a legendary model known for its sporty character and advanced technology. One of the key issues when choosing or servicing this vehicle is the type of drive. Not only dynamic characteristics depend on it, but also behavior on the road, fuel consumption and even the cost of repairs.

In this article we will analyze in detail what types of drives were installed on Skyline different generations - from classic R32-R35 to modern V35-V37. You will learn how to identify a drive by VIN code, what technical nuances are important to consider when purchasing, and why Some modifications with all-wheel drive ATTESA E-TS require special attention to the transmission after 150,000 km..

1. Evolution of Skyline drives: from rear to all-wheel drive

History Nissan Skyline began with rear-wheel drive models, but over time, the company's engineers introduced innovative all-wheel drive systems. This transition was driven by the desire to improve handling and safety, especially for high-performance versions such as GT-R.

Let's look at the key milestones:

• 🔹 1957–1989 (S50–R31): Exclusively rear-wheel drive (FR). A simple and reliable design, popular among drifters.
• 🔹 1989–1994 (R32): The advent of all-wheel drive ATTESA E-TS in GT-R. The system distributed torque between the axles in a ratio of 50:50 or 0:100, depending on conditions.
• 🔹 1995–2002 (R33, R34): Advanced electronically controlled all-wheel drive. The basic versions retained rear-wheel drive.
• 🔹 2001–2007 (V35): Go to platform FM (Front Midship) with rear wheel drive for most modifications. All-wheel drive remained only in GT-R (BNR34) and some versions 350GT.
• 🔹 2006–2014 (V36, V37): All wheel drive ATTESA E-TS Pro returned to top-end configurations, but with a different operating logic.

Interestingly, even within the same generation, different types of drives could coexist. For example, Skyline R34 was offered with rear-wheel drive in the version 25GT and complete - in GT-R.

2. How to identify a drive by VIN code and markings

The most reliable way to find out the drive type is to decipher VIN code or find the nameplate. In code Skyline the drive is designated 5th character (for models after 1980):

• 🔢 4 — all-wheel drive (AWD/4WD).
• 🔢 6 — rear-wheel drive (FR).
• 🔢 7 — front-wheel drive (FF, rare for Skyline).

The drive can also be identified by:

• 📋 Nameplate under the hood: inscriptions ATTESA E-TS or 4WD indicate all-wheel drive.
• 🔧 The presence of a cardan shaft: for rear-wheel drive models it goes only to the rear axle, for all-wheel drive models it also goes to the front axle.
• 📄 Documentation: the PTS or service book usually indicates the type of drive (for example, 4WD or RWD).

Example of VIN decoding for Skyline R34 GT-R

VIN: BNR34-000123

- BN — model (Skyline GT-R)

- R34 - generation

- 0 - market (Japan)

- 000123 - serial number

- 4th character (R) - body (coupe)

- 5th character (4) — all-wheel drive (ATTESA E-TS)

⚠️ Attention: On the secondary market there are converted cars where rear-wheel drive Skyline upgraded to all-wheel drive. Such modifications often have problems with axes synchronization and require in-depth diagnostics.

3. Technical features of the ATTESA E-TS all-wheel drive

System ATTESA E-TS (Advanced Total Traction Engineering System for All-Terrain) debuted on Skyline R32 GT-R and became the model’s calling card. Its key features:

Parameter	R32 (1989–1994)	R33 (1995–1998)	R34 (1999–2002)
System type	ATTESA E-TS	ATTESA E-TS Pro	ATTESA E-TS Pro
Torque distribution (normal mode)	0:100 (rear axle only)	5:95 (front/back)	5:95 (front/back)
Max. front axle distribution	50%	50%	50%
Coupling type	Hydraulic	Electronic + hydraulic	Electronic with G-sensor sensors
Response time	~0.3 sec	~0.1 sec	~0.05 sec

The system operates on an “on demand” basis: under normal conditions, torque is transmitted only to the rear axle, but when slipping or sudden acceleration occurs, the front axle is activated. B R34 added G-sensor, which analyzes lateral overloads and adjusts the torque distribution in corners.

⚠️ Attention: Owners Skyline with ATTESA E-TS It is important to monitor the condition:

• 🔧 Oils in transfer case (replacement every 60,000 km).
• 🔧 ABS sensors (their malfunction leads to erroneous operation of the system).
• 🔧 Drive shafts (wear of constant velocity joints is a common problem after 100,000 km).

4. Rear-wheel drive: simplicity and reliability

Rear-wheel drive versions Skyline (For example, 25GT or 350GT) are valued for predictable handling and lower maintenance costs. Their key advantages:

• ⚡ Lightness: the absence of front-wheel drive and transfer case reduces weight by 80–120 kg.
• ⚡ Reliability: Fewer components = fewer potential breakdowns.
• ⚡ Drift: Ideal base for tuning and sporty driving.

However, there are also disadvantages:

• ❌ Tendency to skid on slippery surfaces (especially in versions with powerful engines RB25DET or VQ35DE).
• ❌ Limited cross-country ability in snow or mud.

To improve handling, many owners install limited slip differential (LSD). Popular options:

• 🔧 Nismo (1.5-way or 2-way).
• 🔧 Cusco (adjustable).
• 🔧 OS Giken (for extreme tuning).

- Condition of the rear gearbox (is there any hum when driving)

- Play in CV joints and axle shafts

- Integrity of driveshaft boots

- Differential operation (wheel slipping during a sharp start)

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5. Front-wheel drive: a rarity in the Skyline line

Front wheel drive Skyline - a great rarity. The exception is some modifications V35 And V36 for the Japanese domestic market (eg 250GT FWD). These versions were created for:

• 🚗 Urban operation (smaller turning radius, compactness).
• 💰 Cost reduction (there is no driveshaft and rear gearbox).
• ❄️ Better directional stability on snow (compared to rear-wheel drive).

However, such models are criticized for:

• ❌ Steering during sudden acceleration (due to weight redistribution).
• ❌ Limited tuning options (weak front suspension cannot handle more power).

⚠️ Attention: Front wheel drive Skyline often confused with Nissan Primera or Teana due to a similar platform. Check the VIN code!

6. Which drive is better to choose?

The choice of drive depends on your tasks:

Goal	Recommended drive	Model example
Drift/track day	Rear (FR)	R32 25GT, V35 350GT
Daily driving + snow	Full (AWD)	R34 GT-R, V37 370GT Type P
Tuning for high power	Full (ATTESA)	R33 GT-R, R34 GT-R V-Spec
Budget service	Rear (FR)	R31, V35 250GT

For most buyers, the best option will be rear wheel drive Skyline with LSD — it offers a balance between controllability and reliability. All-wheel drive should be chosen only if you are prepared for increased maintenance costs (for example, changing the oil in the transfer case costs 2-3 times more than in the rear gearbox).

7. Common problems and their solutions

Each type of drive has its own “diseases”:

All-wheel drive (ATTESA):

• 🔴 Rumble in the transfer case - a sign of bearing wear. Solution: replacing the transfer case (cost ~$1500–2000).
• 🔴 Vibration during acceleration - often caused by a faulty clutch. Solution: diagnostics via Consult III+ and replacement of the coupling (~$800).
• 🔴 Oil leak from the front gearbox. Solution: replacing the seals (~$200).

Rear-wheel drive:

• 🔴 Play in the cardan shaft — requires replacement of crosspieces (~$100).
• 🔴 Noise in the rear axle - wear of differential bearings. Solution: bridge repair (~$500–1000).

Front wheel drive:

• 🔴 Crunch when turning - wear of CV joints. Solution: replacement (~$300 per set).

⚠️ Attention: Upon purchase Skyline with mileage >100,000 km, be sure to check:

• 🔧 Condition CV joint boots (cracks will lead to dirt and rapid wear).
• 🔧 Oil level in gearboxes (if the oil is black, flushing is required).
• 🔧 Absence error codes by ABS and ATTESA (checked via OBD-II).

FAQ: Frequently asked questions about Nissan Skyline drives

Can a rear-wheel drive Skyline be converted to all-wheel drive?

Technically yes, but it is extremely expensive. You will need:

• 🔧 Installation of transfer case and front gearbox (~$3000 for used parts).
• 🔧 Replacing the suspension with all-wheel drive (levers, hubs, drive shafts).
• 🔧 ECU firmware to support ATTESA (~$1000).

The final cost often exceeds the price difference between rear-wheel drive and all-wheel drive versions on the aftermarket.

What kind of drive does the Nissan Skyline R34 GT-R have?

R34 GT-R equipped all-wheel drive ATTESA E-TS Pro with electronic control. The system distributes torque from 5:95 to 50:50 depending on conditions. In normal mode, 95% of the torque goes to the rear axle.

What is the difference between ATTESA E-TS and ATTESA E-TS Pro?

ATTESA E-TS (R32) uses a hydraulic coupling and mechanical sensors, whereas E-TS Pro (R33/R34) is equipped with electronic control, G-sensor and faster response (0.05 sec versus 0.3 sec).

Which drive is more reliable for daily use?

For city and highway rear wheel drive more reliable - fewer parts, easier maintenance. All-wheel drive is only justified in regions with harsh winters or for sporty driving.

Is it possible to disable all-wheel drive on the Skyline?

No, the system ATTESA has no mechanical shutdown. However, in some versions (for example, V37) there is a mode 2WD, which minimizes the connection of the front axle.